Ambulatory Pediatrics
Volume 6, Issue 5 , Pages 241-264 , 1 September 2006

Health Care for Children and Youth in the United States: Annual Report on Patterns of Coverage, Utilization, Quality, and Expenditures by a County Level of Urban Influence

  • Frances M. Chevarley, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Md
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to Frances M. Chevarley, PhD, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 540 Gaither Rd, Rockville, MD 20850
    • ,
  • Pamela L. Owens, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Md
    • ,
  • Marc W. Zodet, MS

      Affiliations

    • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Md
    • ,
  • Lisa A. Simpson, MB, BCh, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, St Petersburg, Fla
    • ,
  • Marie C. McCormick, MD, ScD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Society, Human Development and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
    • ,
  • Denise Dougherty, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Md

Received 28 February 2006 ,Accepted 30 June 2006.

References 

  1. Center for the Evaluative Clinical Sciences at Dartmouth Medical School . Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care 1998 . 2006; Available at: http://www.dartmouthatlas.org/atlases/98Atlas.pdf. Accessed July 24
  2. Fang J , Alderman M . Is geography destiny for patients in New York with myocardial infarction? . Am J Med. . 2003;115:448–453
  3. Lynch J , Davey Smith G , Harper S , et al.   Is income inequality a determinant of population health? Part 1: a systematic review . Milbank Q. . 2004;82:5–99
  4. Headen A , Masia N . Exploring the potential link between Medicaid access restrictions, physician location, and health disparities . Am J Manage Care . 2005;11:SP21–SP26
  5. Larson SL , Fleishman JA . Rural-urban differences in usual source of care and ambulatory service use: analyses of national data using Urban Influence Codes . Med Care . 2003;41(7 suppl):III65–III74
  6. Larson SL , Hill SC . Rural-urban differences in employment-related health insurance . J Rural Health . 2005;21:21–30
  7. Davidson P , Bastani R , Nakazono T , Carreon D . Role of community risk factors and resources on breast carcinoma stage at diagnosis . Cancer . 2005;103:922–930
  8. Haas J , Phillips K , Sonneborn D , et al.   Variation in access to health care for different racial/ethnic groups by the racial/ethnic composition of an individual’s county of residence . Med Care . 2004;42:707–714
  9. Stevens J , Harman J , Kelleher KJ . Ethnic and regional differences in primary care visits for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder . J Dev Behav Pediatr. . 2004;25:318–325
  10. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality . National Healthcare Disparities Report, 2004 . Rockville, Md: USDHHS AHRQ; 2004; December. AHRQ publication 05-0014. Available at: http://www.qualitytools.ahrq.gov/disparitiesreport/2004/browse/browse.aspx.
  11. Fleischman A , Barondess J . Urban health: a look out our windows . Acad Med. . 2004;79:1130–1132
  12. Billings J , Weinick R . Monitoring the Health Care Safety Net, Books I and II . Rockville, Md: USDHHS AHRQ and HRSA; 2003; August. AHRQ publication 03-0025
  13. Hynes H , Brugge D , Osgood N , et al.   Where does the damp come from? (Investigations into the indoor environment and respiratory health in Boston public housing) . J Public Health Policy . 2003;24:401–426
  14. Garry V . Pesticides and children . Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. . 2004;198:152–163
  15. Gracey M . Child health implications of worldwide urbanization . Rev Environ Health . 2003;18:51–63
  16. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality . National Healthcare Quality Report 2004 . Rockville, Md: USDHHS AHRQ; 2004; December. AHRQ publication. Available at: http://www.qualitytools.ahrq.gov/qualityreport/2004/browse/browseaspx
  17. Luman E , Barker L , McCauley M , Drews-Botsch C . Timeliness of childhood immunizations: a state-specific analysis . Am J Public Health . 2005;95:1367–1374
  18. Sturm R , Ringel J , Andreyeva T . Geographic disparities in children’s mental health care . Pediatrics . 2003;112:e308
  19. Zodet M . Evaluation of the capacity for more detailed analyses of geographic variation in select healthcare measures using the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey . 2002; Paper presented at: Joint Statistical Meetings Section on Survey Research Methods; 2002, NY, Aug. 14
  20. McCormick M , Kass B , Elixhauser A , et al.   Annual report on access to and utilization of health care for children and youth in the United States—1999 . Pediatrics (Journal of the Ambulatory Pediatric Association) . 2000;105:219–230
  21. McCormick M , Weinick R , Elixhauser A , et al.   Annual report on access to and utilization of health care for children and youth in the United States—2000 . Ambul Pediatr. . 2001;1:3–15
  22. Elixhauser A , Machlin SR , Zodet MW , et al.   Health care for children and youth in the United States: 2001 annual report on access, utilization, quality, and expenditures . Ambul Pediatr. . 2002;2:419–437
  23. Simpson L , Zodet MW , Chevarley FM , et al.   Health care for children and youth in the United States: 2002 report on trends in access, utilization, quality, and expenditures . Ambul Pediatr. . 2004;4:131–153
  24. Simpson L , Owens P , Zodet M , et al.   Health care for children and youth in the United States: annual report on patterns of coverage, utilization, quality, and expenditures by income . Ambul Pediatr. . 2005;5:6–44
  25. Hart LG , Larson EH , Lishner DM . Rural definitions for health policy research . Am J Public Health . 2005;95:1149–1155
  26. In:  Ghelfi L editors. Rural Conditions and Trends . 4(3: 1993;
  27. Baer LD , Johnson-Webb KD , Gesler WM . What is rural? (A focus on Urban Influence Codes) . J Rural Health . 1997;13:329–333
  28. Parker TS, Ghelfi L. Using the 2003 Urban Influence Codes to understand rural America. Amber Waves. April 2004. Available at: http://www.ers.usda.gov/AmberWaves/April04/DataFeature/. Accessed July 24, 2006.
  29. US Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service . Briefing Room: measuring rurality—Urban Influence Codes . 2006; Available at: http://www.ers.usda.gov/Briefing/Rurality/UrbanInf/. Accessed July 24
  30. Ghelfi LM , Parker TS . A county-level measure of urban influence . Rural Dev Perspect. . 1997;12:32–40
  31. Ghelfi L , Parker T . Developing a county-level measure of urban influence . Amber Waves . 2006; April 2004. Available at: http://www.ers.usda.gov/Amberwaves/April04/Indicators/BehindData.htm. Accessed July 24
  32. US Department of Health and Human Services . Area Resource File (ARF) . Rockville, Md: US Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Bureau of Health Professions; 2004; February
  33. Executive Office of the President of the United States, Office of Management and Budget. Revised definitions of metropolitan statistical areas, new definitions of micropolitan statistical areas and combined statistical areas, and guidance on uses of the statistical definitions of these areas. June 6, 2003. OMB bulletin 03-04. Available at: http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/bulletins/b03-04.html. Accessed July 24, 2006.
  34. US Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service . Data: Urban Influence Codes . 2006; Available at: http://www.ers.usda.gov/Data/UrbanInfluenceCodes/. Accessed July 24
  35. Executive Office of the President of the United States, Office of Management and Budget. Statistical programs and standards: data on race and ethnicity. August 2, 2005. Available at: http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/inforeg/statpolicy.html#dr. Accessed July 24, 2006.
  36. US Census Bureau. Poverty: how the Census Bureau measures poverty. August 2, 2005. Available at: http://www.census.gov/hhes/poverty/poudef.html
  37. Cohen J , Machlin SR , Zuvekas S . Health Care Expenditures in the United States . Rockville, Md: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2000; AHRQ publication 01-0009
  38. For detailed information about the use of these questions in MEPS see the MEPS Public Use File documentation available at: http://www.meps.ahrq.gov and specifically at http://www.mepsahrq.gov/PUFFiles/H70/H70doc.htm.
  39. Harris R , Zimmerman J . Children and poverty in the rural south . Southern Rural Development Center (SRDC) Policy Series: Economic and Workforce Development . 2003;2: November
  40. Rogers C. Dimensions of child poverty in rural areas. Amber Waves. November 2003. Available at: http://www.ers.usda.gov/AmberWaves/November03/findings/childpoverty.htm.
  41. Crall JJ . Children’s oral health services: organization and financing considerations . Ambul Pediatr. . 2001;2:148–153
  42. National Advisory Committee on Rural Health and Human Services . The 2004 Report to the Secretary: Rural Health and Human Service Issues . Washington, DC: NACRHHS; 2004;
  43. National Rural Health Association . Meeting Oral Health Needs in Rural America . Kansas City, Mo: National Rural Health Association; 2005;
  44. Vargas C , Ronzio C , Hayes K . Oral health status of children and adolescents by rural residence, United States . J Rural Health. . 2003;19:260–268

 The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality or the US Department of Health and Human Services.

PII: S1530-1567(06)00157-2

doi: 10.1016/j.ambp.2006.06.004

Ambulatory Pediatrics
Volume 6, Issue 5 , Pages 241-264 , 1 September 2006

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution